See drozd in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "drozd"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "drost"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish",
"Zagórze"
],
"word": "drózd"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Podlachia",
"Tykocin"
],
"word": "drozdzan"
},
{
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"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Podhale"
],
"word": "drozdz"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "drōzd"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trósdos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trósdos#Proto-Indo-European:_thrush"
],
[
"*trasdás",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/trasdás#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_thrush"
],
[
"*drozdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drozdъ#Proto-Slavic:_thrush"
],
[
"*drozdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drozdъ#Proto-Slavic:_thrush"
]
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*drozdъ<id:thrush>",
"id": "thrush",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trósdos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *trasdás\nProto-Slavic *drozdъ\nOld Polish drozd\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trasdás\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*drozdъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"drozd\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"thrush\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"drozd\" id=\"Old_Polish:_thrush\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *drozdъ.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1442"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1442",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "drozd m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drozd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "drozd m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drozd"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 144r:",
"text": "Merrula est auis dulciter cantans vlg. drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
33
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 144r:",
"text": "Merula […] auis quedam vlg. drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
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"text": "Merula dicitur auis quedam dulciter cantans proprie droszd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 493:",
"text": "Dr[z]osd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"ref": "1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:",
"text": "Merula droszd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1360:",
"text": "Drost merula",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 7:",
"text": "*Mercula drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
7,
12
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 7:",
"text": "Merula drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski III, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.32., page 10:",
"text": "Amarellus strnadl vel drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
50
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 82r:",
"text": "Merula est quedam auis proprie eyn droschel droszd modula idem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"song thrush (Turdus philomelos)"
],
"id": "en-drozd-zlw-opl-noun-m4Horz9H",
"links": [
[
"song thrush",
"song thrush"
],
[
"Turdus philomelos",
"Turdus philomelos#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) song thrush (Turdus philomelos)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɔ(ː)st/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/drɔst/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/drost/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Drozd"
}
],
"word": "drozd"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "drozd"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "drost"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish",
"Zagórze"
],
"word": "drózd"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
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"Tykocin"
],
"word": "drozdzan"
},
{
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"lang_code": "pl",
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],
"word": "drozdz"
},
{
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"lang_code": "szl",
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}
],
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"*trósdos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trósdos#Proto-Indo-European:_thrush"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/trasdás#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_thrush"
],
[
"*drozdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drozdъ#Proto-Slavic:_thrush"
],
[
"*drozdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drozdъ#Proto-Slavic:_thrush"
]
],
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"text": "+",
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},
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},
{
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},
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{
"form": "drozd m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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{
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"locative"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"vocative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "drozd m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "drozd"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
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{
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"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
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"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with homophones",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"zlw-opl:Thrushes"
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[
39,
44
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],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 144r:",
"text": "Merrula est auis dulciter cantans vlg. drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
33
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 144r:",
"text": "Merula […] auis quedam vlg. drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"ref": "1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 156r:",
"text": "Merula dicitur auis quedam dulciter cantans proprie droszd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 493:",
"text": "Dr[z]osd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"ref": "1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:",
"text": "Merula droszd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1360:",
"text": "Drost merula",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 7:",
"text": "*Mercula drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 7:",
"text": "Merula drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski III, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.32., page 10:",
"text": "Amarellus strnadl vel drosd",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
50
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 82r:",
"text": "Merula est quedam auis proprie eyn droschel droszd modula idem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"song thrush (Turdus philomelos)"
],
"links": [
[
"song thrush",
"song thrush"
],
[
"Turdus philomelos",
"Turdus philomelos#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) song thrush (Turdus philomelos)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drɔ(ː)st/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/drɔst/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/drost/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Drozd"
}
],
"word": "drozd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drozd meaning in Old Polish (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'drozd m animacy unattested' in 'drozd m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"drozd"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drozd",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.